Every term in this space, in plain English

A browser designed to run many isolated profiles, each with its own fingerprint, cookies, storage, and network identity, so sessions stay fully separated.

A fingerprinting technique that processes a silent audio signal through the Web Audio API and hashes the output, which differs slightly across devices.

The practice of controlling a web browser with software instead of a human, used for testing, data collection, and repetitive web tasks.

A tracking technique that identifies a device by combining browser and hardware signals, such as fonts, GPU strings, and timezone, into a stable identifier.

The underlying browser engine build that a profile runs on, which determines its real version, feature support, user agent, and client hints.

A self-contained browser environment with its own cookies, storage, extensions, fingerprint, and proxy settings, isolated from every other profile.

A fingerprinting technique that draws hidden graphics with the HTML5 canvas API and hashes the pixel output, which varies subtly between devices.

The native debugging and automation interface of Chromium browsers, used to inspect pages, drive navigation, and control the browser over a WebSocket.

A set of HTTP headers and a JavaScript API through which the browser shares structured details like browser brand, version, and platform with websites.

The practice of following a user's activity across different websites, typically through third-party cookies, embedded trackers, or browser fingerprinting.

A proxy server hosted in a commercial data center, offering fast and inexpensive IP addresses that are not tied to a consumer internet provider.

A browser security mechanism that ties a website session to a private key held in the device's secure hardware, so a session cookie copied to another machine can no longer keep the session alive.

A measure, in bits, of how much identifying information a browser attribute carries, and therefore how close a fingerprint comes to being unique.

A browser that runs without a visible window, controlled entirely through code, and commonly used for automated testing and page rendering.

The practice of controlling what your web traffic reveals about its origin, so research is attributed to a persona you manage rather than to your organization.

An open standard that lets AI models connect to external tools and data sources through a common interface of servers, tools, and resources.

A proxy server that routes traffic through an IP address assigned by a consumer ISP, so requests appear to come from an ordinary home connection.

A protocol-agnostic proxy standard that relays TCP and UDP traffic at the session layer, with support for authentication and remote DNS resolution.

A proxy configuration that keeps the same exit IP address for an extended period, instead of rotating to a new IP on every request.

A string the browser sends with every request that declares its name, version, rendering engine, and operating system to the web server.

A fingerprinting technique that reads a device's GPU vendor and renderer strings and hashes rendered 3D output to help identify the browser.

An IP address exposure where WebRTC's connection setup reveals a device's real local or public IP, even when traffic is routed through a proxy or VPN.